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Droughts and food security in Pakistan

Pakistan being an agriculture country is not able to produce enough food. So the people of Pakistan is facing the issue of food insecurity. This issue become so serious when it convert itself in the shape of drought.

 Pakistan and Drought Hit

Pakistan is one of the countries mentioned in "Drought hit" by UNO. Pakistan being a lower developing country has the issue of rapid increase in population and failed to provide basic necessities of life.one of the main reason is its political set up along with environmental factors.

Drought and other developing countries

5 million people in Balochistan have been facing this issue. Although Pakistan is an agricultural country but  37 % people are facing the problem of food insecurity. This problem is not only related to Pakistan but also other countries are facing it like ,Afghanistan, Syria, Angola, South Sudan, Bazil, Somalia, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chilli, Mozambique, Iran, Kenya, Iraq etc. It shows the global issue and global drought alarm for the whole world. Because 40 % land of our planet is going to degrade so the half number of human being is affected by it.

Other factors and food security

Various other factors in UDC's like political instability, and institutional mismanagement also a cause of it. Structural issue like climate change is a pivotal hindernce with temperature, water availability,rainfall and population size. 

 Sever conditions of weather 

 Heavy rainfall decreased the wheat production. 30 glaciers is ready to brust and 150 weather alarts are alarming for Pakistan economy. Because of melting ice from northern areas rivers becomes overflow and became a cause of disaster like flood.

GCRI (Global Climate Risk Index) and Pakistan

According to the GCRI (Global Climate Risk Index) Pakistan is one of the badly effected countries by adverse change in climate. This situation has been prevailing since October 2020. Climate change effected agriculture and livestock harmfully in all over Pakistan. Rain fall has much effects on crops like low rainfall creates the water stress and heavy rain fall is a cause of disaster like flood. Due to the poor management this climate adversity is out of control like unusual rainfall, flood, and shocks of temperature and earthquakes. Agro climate change negatively affected the crops due to increase in temperature.

Meteorological department

Pakistan Meteorological department anticipated that in the years of 2020-2021 not only the rainfall was below especially in Sindh and Baluchistan -77.33%, 74.5% respectively. But also temperature negatively much affected agriculture. This is the reason of unusual food insecurity. 

So the unpredictable shocks in food prices are the solution for the cycle of climate change. This cycle cannot be a happy thing for a common man by decreasing his purchasing power of a consumer.

Drought and disaster

Drought is a disaster but it is not same as other natural disasters like flood, earthquakes, high temperature, tornadoes and cyclones because it is the result of unexpected natural changes. So its effects long lasting and sever in nature and prevailing on large geographically. And its victims mostly not only the people of that particular area but also other nations related to that area by trade or other transaction. 

Drought Monitoring Center

In 1999-2001 Pakistan has fought against the worst drought. To avoid other droughts in future, the government established a center to control all this disaster which named is National Drought /Environment Monitoring and Early Warning Center (NDMC). The main purpose of this center was to predict the drought situation and find the solution of the problem before drought capture the situation. The head office of this is in Islamabad while it’s 4 other Regional Drought Monitoring Center (RDMC’s) are in Quetta, Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar.

Droughts and Food Security in Pakistan


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